特别声明:此笔记转载自尚硅谷官网SpringBoot教程
**一、**Spring Boot 入门
1、Spring Boot 简介
简化Spring应用开发的一个框架;
整个Spring技术栈的一个大整合;
J2EE开发的一站式解决方案;
2、微服务
2014,martin fowler
微服务:架构风格(服务微化)
一个应用应该是一组小型服务;可以通过HTTP的方式进行互通;
单体应用:ALL IN ONE
微服务:每一个功能元素最终都是一个可独立替换和独立升级的软件单元;
详细参照微服务文档
3、环境准备
http://www.gulixueyuan.com/ 谷粒学院
环境约束
–jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推荐jdk1.7及以上;java version “1.8.0_112”
–maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.3.9
–IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2017.2.2 x64、STS
–SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
统一环境;
1、MAVEN设置;
给maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles标签添加
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <profile > <id > jdk-1.8</id > <activation > <activeByDefault > true</activeByDefault > <jdk > 1.8</jdk > </activation > <properties > <maven.compiler.source > 1.8</maven.compiler.source > <maven.compiler.target > 1.8</maven.compiler.target > <maven.compiler.compilerVersion > 1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion > </properties > </profile >
2、IDEA设置
整合maven进来;
4、Spring Boot HelloWorld
一个功能:
浏览器发送hello请求,服务器接受请求并处理,响应Hello World字符串;
1、创建一个maven工程;(jar)
2、导入spring boot相关的依赖
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 1.5.9.RELEASE</version > </parent > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency > </dependencies >
3、编写一个主程序;启动Spring Boot应用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class ,args ) ; } }
4、编写相关的Controller、Service
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 @Controller public class HelloController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping ("/hello" ) public String hello () { return "Hello World!" ; } }
5、运行主程序测试
6、简化部署
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <build > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId > </plugin > </plugins > </build >
将这个应用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令进行执行;
5、Hello World探究
1、POM文件
1、父项目
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 1.5.9.RELEASE</version > </parent > 他的父项目是 <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId > <version > 1.5.9.RELEASE</version > <relativePath > ../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath > </parent > 他来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本;
Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心;
以后我们导入依赖默认是不需要写版本;(没有在dependencies里面管理的依赖自然需要声明版本号)
2、启动器
1 2 3 4 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency >
spring-boot-starter -web :
spring-boot-starter:spring-boot场景启动器;帮我们导入了web模块正常运行所依赖的组件;
Spring Boot将所有的功能场景都抽取出来,做成一个个的starters(启动器),只需要在项目里面引入这些starter相关场景的所有依赖都会导入进来。要用什么功能就导入什么场景的启动器
2、主程序类,主入口类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class ,args ) ; } }
@SpringBootApplication : Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Target (ElementType.TYPE)@Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan (excludeFilters = { @Filter (type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class ), @Filter (type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class ) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@SpringBootConfiguration :Spring Boot的配置类;
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类;
@Configuration :配置类上来标注这个注解;
配置类 ----- 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component
@EnableAutoConfiguration :开启自动配置功能;
以前我们需要配置的东西,Spring Boot帮我们自动配置;@EnableAutoConfiguration 告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效;
1 2 3 @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import (EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class ) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
@AutoConfigurationPackage :自动配置包
@Import (AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;
将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;
@Import (EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class);
给容器中导入组件?
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector :导入哪些组件的选择器;
将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件;
有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等的工作;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader);
==Spring Boot在启动的时候从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置工作;==以前我们需要自己配置的东西,自动配置类都帮我们;
J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;
Spring注解版(谷粒学院)
6、使用Spring Initializer快速创建Spring Boot项目
1、IDEA:使用 Spring Initializer快速创建项目
IDE都支持使用Spring的项目创建向导快速创建一个Spring Boot项目;
选择我们需要的模块;向导会联网创建Spring Boot项目;
默认生成的Spring Boot项目;
主程序已经生成好了,我们只需要我们自己的逻辑
resources文件夹中目录结构
static:保存所有的静态资源; js css images;
templates:保存所有的模板页面;(Spring Boot默认jar包使用嵌入式的Tomcat,默认不支持JSP页面);可以使用模板引擎(freemarker、thymeleaf);
application.properties:Spring Boot应用的配置文件;可以修改一些默认设置;
2、STS使用 Spring Starter Project快速创建项目
二、配置文件
1、配置文件
SpringBoot使用一个全局的配置文件,配置文件名是固定的;
•application.properties
•application.yml
配置文件的作用:修改SpringBoot自动配置的默认值;SpringBoot在底层都给我们自动配置好;
YAML(YAML Ain’t Markup Language)
YAML A Markup Language:是一个标记语言
YAML isn’t Markup Language:不是一个标记语言;
标记语言:
以前的配置文件;大多都使用的是 xxxx.xml 文件;
YAML:以数据为中心 ,比json、xml等更适合做配置文件;
YAML:配置例子
XML:
1 2 3 <server > <port > 8081</port > </server >
2、YAML语法:
1、基本语法
k:(空格)v:表示一对键值对(空格必须有);
以空格 的缩进来控制层级关系;只要是左对齐的一列数据,都是同一个层级的
1 2 3 server: port: 8081 path: /hello
属性和值也是大小写敏感;
2、值的写法
字面量:普通的值(数字,字符串,布尔)
k: v:字面直接来写;
字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号;
“”:双引号;不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符;特殊字符会作为本身想表示的意思
name: “zhangsan \n lisi”:输出;zhangsan 换行 lisi
‘’:单引号;会转义特殊字符,特殊字符最终只是一个普通的字符串数据
name: ‘zhangsan \n lisi’:输出;zhangsan \n lisi
对象、Map(属性和值)(键值对):
k: v:在下一行来写对象的属性和值的关系;注意缩进
对象还是k: v的方式
1 2 3 friends: lastName: zhangsan age: 20
行内写法:
1 friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18 }
数组(List、Set):
用- 值表示数组中的一个元素
1 2 3 4 pets: - cat - dog - pig
行内写法
3、配置文件值注入
配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 person: lastName: hello age: 18 boss: false birth: 2017 /12/12 maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12 } lists: - lisi - zhaoliu dog: name: 小狗 age: 12
javaBean:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 @Component @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "person" )public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;
我们可以导入配置文件处理器,以后编写配置就有提示了
1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId > <optional > true</optional > </dependency >
1、properties配置文件在idea中默认utf-8可能会乱码
调整
![idea配置乱码](F:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/Java/springboot核心篇+整合篇-尚硅谷/01尚硅谷SpringBoot核心技术篇/Spring Boot 笔记+课件/images/搜狗截图20180130161620.png)
2、@Value获取值和@ConfigurationProperties获取值比较
@ConfigurationProperties
@Value
功能
批量注入配置文件中的属性
一个个指定
松散绑定(松散语法)
支持
不支持
SpEL
不支持
支持
JSR303数据校验
支持
不支持
复杂类型封装
支持
不支持
配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值;
如果说,我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值,使用@Value;
如果说,我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射,我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties;
3、配置文件注入值数据校验
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 @Component @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "person" )@Validated public class Person { @Email private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;
4、@PropertySource&@ImportResource&@Bean
@PropertySource :加载指定的配置文件;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 @PropertySource (value = {"classpath:person.properties" })@Component @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "person" )public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss;
@ImportResource :导入Spring的配置文件,让配置文件里面的内容生效;
Spring Boot里面没有Spring的配置文件,我们自己编写的配置文件,也不能自动识别;
想让Spring的配置文件生效,加载进来;@ImportResource 标注在一个配置类上
1 2 @ImportResource (locations = {"classpath:beans.xml" })导入Spring的配置文件让其生效
不来编写Spring的配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <bean id ="helloService" class ="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService" > </bean > </beans >
SpringBoot推荐给容器中添加组件的方式;推荐使用全注解的方式
1、配置类**@Configuration**------>Spring配置文件
2、使用**@Bean**给容器中添加组件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 @Configuration public class MyAppConfig { @Bean public HelloService helloService02 () { System.out.println("配置类@Bean给容器中添加组件了..." ); return new HelloService(); } }
4、配置文件占位符
1、随机数
1 2 ${random.value}、${random.int }、${random.long } ${random.int (10 )}、${random.int [1024 ,65536 ]}
2、占位符获取之前配置的值,如果没有可以是用:指定默认值
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 person.last-name =张三${random.uuid} person.age =${random.int} person.birth =2017/12/15 person.boss =false person.maps.k1 =v1 person.maps.k2 =14 person.lists =a,b,c person.dog.name =${person.hello:hello}_dog person.dog.age =15
5、Profile
1、多Profile文件
我们在主配置文件编写的时候,文件名可以是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默认使用application.properties的配置;
2、yml支持多文档块方式
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 server: port: 8081 spring: profiles: active: prod --- server: port: 8083 spring: profiles: dev --- server: port: 8084 spring: profiles: prod
3、激活指定profile
1、在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev
2、命令行:
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev;
可以直接在测试的时候,配置传入命令行参数
3、虚拟机参数;
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev
6、配置文件加载位置
springboot 启动会扫描以下位置的application.properties或者application.yml文件作为Spring boot的默认配置文件
–file:./config/
–file:./
–classpath:/config/
–classpath:/
优先级由高到底,高优先级的配置会覆盖低优先级的配置;
SpringBoot会从这四个位置全部加载主配置文件;互补配置 ;
我们还可以通过spring.config.location来改变默认的配置文件位置
项目打包好以后,我们可以使用命令行参数的形式,启动项目的时候来指定配置文件的新位置;指定配置文件和默认加载的这些配置文件共同起作用形成互补配置;
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
7、外部配置加载顺序
SpringBoot也可以从以下位置加载配置; 优先级从高到低;高优先级的配置覆盖低优先级的配置,所有的配置会形成互补配置
1.命令行参数
所有的配置都可以在命令行上进行指定
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8087 --server.context-path=/abc
多个配置用空格分开; --配置项=值
2.来自java:comp/env的JNDI属性
3.Java系统属性(System.getProperties())
4.操作系统环境变量
5.RandomValuePropertySource配置的random.*属性值
由jar包外向jar包内进行寻找;
优先加载带profile
6.jar包外部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(带spring.profile)配置文件
7.jar包内部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(带spring.profile)配置文件
再来加载不带profile
8.jar包外部的application.properties或application.yml(不带spring.profile)配置文件
9.jar包内部的application.properties或application.yml(不带spring.profile)配置文件
10.@Configuration注解类上的@PropertySource
11.通过SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties指定的默认属性
所有支持的配置加载来源;
参考官方文档
8、自动配置原理
配置文件到底能写什么?怎么写?自动配置原理;
配置文件能配置的属性参照
1、自动配置原理:
1)、SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration
2)、@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用:
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件?
可以查看selectImports()方法的内容;
List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()
扫描所有jar包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories
把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象
从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class 类(类名)对应的值,然后把他们添加在容器中
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 **==将 类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中;==** ```properties # Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件,都加入到容器中;用他们来做自动配置;
3)、每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能;
4)、以**HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http编码自动配置)**为例解释自动配置原理;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 @Configuration @EnableConfigurationProperties (HttpEncodingProperties.class ) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties 功能;将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties 绑定起来;并把HttpEncodingProperties 加入到ioc 容器中 @ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring 底层@Conditional 注解(Spring 注解版),根据不同的条件,如果满足指定的条件,整个配置类里面的配置就会生效; 判断当前应用是否是web 应用,如果是,当前配置类生效 @ConditionalOnClass (CharacterEncodingFilter .class ) //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter ;SpringMVC 中进行乱码解决的过滤器; @ConditionalOnProperty (prefix = "spring.http.encoding" , value = "enabled" , matchIfMissing = true ) public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { private final HttpEncodingProperties properties; public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration (HttpEncodingProperties properties) { this .properties = properties; } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean (CharacterEncodingFilter.class ) //判断容器没有这个组件? public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter () { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding(this .properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this .properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this .properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; }
根据当前不同的条件判断,决定这个配置类是否生效?
一但这个配置类生效;这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件;这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的,这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的;
5)、所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者‘;配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类
1 2 3 4 @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "spring.http.encoding" ) public class HttpEncodingProperties { public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8" );
精髓:
1)、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类
2)、我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类;
3)、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件;(只要我们要用的组件有,我们就不需要再来配置了)
4)、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候,会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值;
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自动配置类;
给容器中添加组件
xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性;
2、细节
1、@Conditional派生注解(Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用)
作用:必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立,才给容器中添加组件,配置配里面的所有内容才生效;
@Conditional扩展注解
作用(判断是否满足当前指定条件)
@ConditionalOnJava
系统的java版本是否符合要求
@ConditionalOnBean
容器中存在指定Bean;
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
容器中不存在指定Bean;
@ConditionalOnExpression
满足SpEL表达式指定
@ConditionalOnClass
系统中有指定的类
@ConditionalOnMissingClass
系统中没有指定的类
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate
容器中只有一个指定的Bean,或者这个Bean是首选Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty
系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值
@ConditionalOnResource
类路径下是否存在指定资源文件
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
当前是web环境
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication
当前不是web环境
@ConditionalOnJndi
JNDI存在指定项
自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效;
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效;
我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性;来让控制台打印自动配置报告 ,这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ========================= AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT ========================= Positive matches:(自动配置类启用的) ----------------- DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org .springframework .web .servlet .DispatcherServlet ' ; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition) - @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition) Negative matches:(没有启动,没有匹配成功的自动配置类) ----------------- ActiveMQAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition) AopAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
三、日志
1、日志框架
小张;开发一个大型系统;
1、System.out.println("");将关键数据打印在控制台;去掉?写在一个文件?
2、框架来记录系统的一些运行时信息;日志框架 ; zhanglogging.jar;
3、高大上的几个功能?异步模式?自动归档?xxxx? zhanglogging-good.jar?
4、将以前框架卸下来?换上新的框架,重新修改之前相关的API;zhanglogging-prefect.jar;
5、JDBC—数据库驱动;
写了一个统一的接口层;日志门面(日志的一个抽象层);logging-abstract.jar;
给项目中导入具体的日志实现就行了;我们之前的日志框架都是实现的抽象层;
市面上的日志框架;
JUL、JCL、Jboss-logging、logback、log4j、log4j2、slf4j…
日志门面 (日志的抽象层)
日志实现
JCL(Jakarta Commons Logging) SLF4j(Simple Logging Facade for Java) jboss-logging
Log4j JUL(java.util.logging) Log4j2 Logback
左边选一个门面(抽象层)、右边来选一个实现;
日志门面: SLF4J;
日志实现:Logback;
SpringBoot:底层是Spring框架,Spring框架默认是用JCL;‘
SpringBoot选用 SLF4j和logback;
2、SLF4j使用
1、如何在系统中使用SLF4j https://www.slf4j.org
以后开发的时候,日志记录方法的调用,不应该来直接调用日志的实现类,而是调用日志抽象层里面的方法;
给系统里面导入slf4j的jar和 logback的实现jar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class HelloWorld { public static void main (String[] args) { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class ) ; logger.info("Hello World" ); } }
图示;
每一个日志的实现框架都有自己的配置文件。使用slf4j以后,配置文件还是做成日志实现框架自己本身的配置文件;
2、遗留问题
a(slf4j+logback): Spring(commons-logging)、Hibernate(jboss-logging)、MyBatis、xxxx
统一日志记录,即使是别的框架和我一起统一使用slf4j进行输出?
如何让系统中所有的日志都统一到slf4j;
1、将系统中其他日志框架先排除出去;
2、用中间包来替换原有的日志框架;
3、我们导入slf4j其他的实现
3、SpringBoot日志关系
1 2 3 4 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter</artifactId > </dependency >
SpringBoot使用它来做日志功能;
1 2 3 4 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId > </dependency >
底层依赖关系
总结:
1)、SpringBoot底层也是使用slf4j+logback的方式进行日志记录
2)、SpringBoot也把其他的日志都替换成了slf4j;
3)、中间替换包?
1 2 3 4 5 6 @SuppressWarnings ("rawtypes" )public abstract class LogFactory { static String UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION_IN_JCL_OVER_SLF4J = "http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#unsupported_operation_in_jcl_over_slf4j" ; static LogFactory logFactory = new SLF4JLogFactory();
4)、如果我们要引入其他框架?一定要把这个框架的默认日志依赖移除掉?
Spring框架用的是commons-logging;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework</groupId > <artifactId > spring-core</artifactId > <exclusions > <exclusion > <groupId > commons-logging</groupId > <artifactId > commons-logging</artifactId > </exclusion > </exclusions > </dependency >
SpringBoot能自动适配所有的日志,而且底层使用slf4j+logback的方式记录日志,引入其他框架的时候,只需要把这个框架依赖的日志框架排除掉即可;
4、日志使用;
1、默认配置
SpringBoot默认帮我们配置好了日志;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass()); @Test public void contextLoads () { logger.trace("这是trace日志..." ); logger.debug("这是debug日志..." ); logger.info("这是info日志..." ); logger.warn("这是warn日志..." ); logger.error("这是error日志..." ); }
日志输出格式:
%d表示日期时间,
%thread表示线程名,
%-5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度
%logger{50} 表示logger名字最长50个字符,否则按照句点分割。
%msg:日志消息,
%n是换行符
-->
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
SpringBoot修改日志的默认配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 logging.level.com.atguigu =trace logging.path =/spring/log logging.pattern.console =%d{yyyy-MM-dd} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n logging.pattern.file =%d{yyyy-MM-dd} === [%thread] === %-5level === %logger{50} ==== %msg%n
logging.file
logging.path
Example
Description
(none)
(none)
只在控制台输出
指定文件名
(none)
my.log
输出日志到my.log文件
(none)
指定目录
/var/log
输出到指定目录的 spring.log 文件中
2、指定配置
给类路径下放上每个日志框架自己的配置文件即可;SpringBoot就不使用他默认配置的了
Logging System
Customization
Logback
logback-spring.xml
, logback-spring.groovy
, logback.xml
or logback.groovy
Log4j2
log4j2-spring.xml
or log4j2.xml
JDK (Java Util Logging)
logging.properties
logback.xml:直接就被日志框架识别了;
logback-spring.xml :日志框架就不直接加载日志的配置项,由SpringBoot解析日志配置,可以使用SpringBoot的高级Profile功能
1 2 3 4 <springProfile name ="staging" > 可以指定某段配置只在某个环境下生效 </springProfile >
如:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 <appender name ="stdout" class ="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender" > <layout class ="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout" > <springProfile name ="dev" > <pattern > %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ----> [%thread] ---> %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern > </springProfile > <springProfile name ="!dev" > <pattern > %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ==== [%thread] ==== %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern > </springProfile > </layout > </appender >
如果使用logback.xml作为日志配置文件,还要使用profile功能,会有以下错误
no applicable action for [springProfile]
5、切换日志框架
可以按照slf4j的日志适配图,进行相关的切换;
slf4j+log4j的方式;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > <exclusions > <exclusion > <artifactId > logback-classic</artifactId > <groupId > ch.qos.logback</groupId > </exclusion > <exclusion > <artifactId > log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId > <groupId > org.slf4j</groupId > </exclusion > </exclusions > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.slf4j</groupId > <artifactId > slf4j-log4j12</artifactId > </dependency >
切换为log4j2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > <exclusions > <exclusion > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > </exclusion > </exclusions > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId > </dependency >
四、Web开发
1、简介
使用SpringBoot;
1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3)、自己编写业务代码;
自动配置原理?
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx
1 2 xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件; xxxxProperties: 配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;
1 2 3 @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "spring.resources" , ignoreUnknownFields = false )public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 WebMvcAuotConfiguration: @Override public void addResourceHandlers (ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this .resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled" ); return ; } Integer cachePeriod = this .resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**" )) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**" ) .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/" ) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this .resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping ( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty (value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled" , matchIfMissing = true ) public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration (ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this .resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping () { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping(); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1 ); mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico" , faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler () { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler(); requestHandler .setLocations(this .resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; } }
1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
http://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
1 2 3 4 5 6 在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可 <dependency > <groupId > org.webjars</groupId > <artifactId > jquery</artifactId > <version > 3.3.1</version > </dependency >
2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
1 2 3 4 5 "classpath:/META-INF/resources/" , "classpath:/resources/" ,"classpath:/static/" , "classpath:/public/" "/" :当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
3、模板引擎
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;
1、引入thymeleaf;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId > 2.1.6 </dependency > 切换thymeleaf版本 <properties > <thymeleaf.version > 3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version > <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version > 2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version > </properties >
2、Thymeleaf使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "spring.thymeleaf" )public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8" ); private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html" ); public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/" ; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html" ;
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
使用:
1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
1 <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" >
2、使用thymeleaf语法;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta charset ="UTF-8" > <title > Title</title > </head > <body > <h1 > 成功!</h1 > <div th:text ="${hello}" > 这是显示欢迎信息</div > </body > </html >
3、语法规则
1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
2)、表达式?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 Simple expressions:(表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL; 1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法 2)、使用内置的基本对象: ${session.foo} 3)、内置的一些工具对象: Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样; 补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}: <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name : <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname : <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality : <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL; @{/order/process(execId =${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比较运算) Comparators : > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符) If-then : (if) ? (then) If-then-else : (if) ? (then) : (else) Default : (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation : _
4、SpringMVC自动配置
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications
1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
and BeanNameViewResolver
beans.
自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
Static index.html
support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册了 of Converter
, GenericConverter
, Formatter
beans.
Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
Formatter
格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
1 2 3 4 5 @Bean @ConditionalOnProperty (prefix = "spring.mvc" , name = "date-format" )public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter () { return new DateFormatter(this .mvcProperties.getDateFormat()); }
自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
Support for HttpMessageConverters
(see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;
HttpMessageConverters
是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定义错误代码生成规则
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).
我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web :web的所有自动场景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration
class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
, but without @EnableWebMvc
. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping
, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter
instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration
annotated with @EnableWebMvc
.
2、扩展SpringMVC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <mvc:view-controller path ="/hello" view-name ="success" /> <mvc:interceptors > <mvc:interceptor > <mvc:mapping path ="/hello" /> <bean > </bean > </mvc:interceptor > </mvc:interceptors >
编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc ;
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/atguigu" ).setViewName("success" ); } }
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration .class)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 @Configuration public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite(); @Autowired (required = false ) public void setConfigurers (List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this .configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); @Override } } }
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
3、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/atguigu" ).setViewName("success" ); } }
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
1 2 @Import (DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class ) public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)、
1 2 @Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)、
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass ({ Servlet.class , DispatcherServlet .class , WebMvcConfigurerAdapter .class }) //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效 @ConditionalOnMissingBean (WebMvcConfigurationSupport .class ) @AutoConfigureOrder (Ordered .HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter ( { DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class , ValidationAutoConfiguration .class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
6、RestfulCRUD
1)、默认访问首页
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/atguigu" ).setViewName("success" ); } @Bean public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter () { WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/" ).setViewName("login" ); registry.addViewController("/index.html" ).setViewName("login" ); } }; return adapter; } }
2)、国际化
1)、编写国际化配置文件;
2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
3)、在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容
步骤:
1)、编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息
2)、SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "spring.messages" )public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration { private String basename = "messages" ; @Bean public MessageSource messageSource () { ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource(); if (StringUtils.hasText(this .basename)) { messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray( StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this .basename))); } if (this .encoding != null ) { messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this .encoding.name()); } messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this .fallbackToSystemLocale); messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this .cacheSeconds); messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this .alwaysUseMessageFormat); return messageSource; }
3)、去页面获取国际化的值;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=UTF-8" > <meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" > <meta name ="description" content ="" > <meta name ="author" content ="" > <title > Signin Template for Bootstrap</title > <link href ="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href ="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel ="stylesheet" > <link href ="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href ="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel ="stylesheet" > </head > <body class ="text-center" > <form class ="form-signin" action ="dashboard.html" > <img class ="mb-4" th:src ="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src ="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt ="" width ="72" height ="72" > <h1 class ="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text ="#{login.tip}" > Please sign in</h1 > <label class ="sr-only" th:text ="#{login.username}" > Username</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="Username" th:placeholder ="#{login.username}" required ="" autofocus ="" > <label class ="sr-only" th:text ="#{login.password}" > Password</label > <input type ="password" class ="form-control" placeholder ="Password" th:placeholder ="#{login.password}" required ="" > <div class ="checkbox mb-3" > <label > <input type ="checkbox" value ="remember-me" /> [[#{login.remember}]] </label > </div > <button class ="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type ="submit" th:text ="#{login.btn}" > Sign in</button > <p class ="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted" > © 2017-2018</p > <a class ="btn btn-sm" > 中文</a > <a class ="btn btn-sm" > English</a > </form > </body > </html >
效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化;
原理:
国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnProperty (prefix = "spring.mvc" , name = "locale" ) public LocaleResolver localeResolver () { if (this .mvcProperties .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) { return new FixedLocaleResolver(this .mvcProperties.getLocale()); } AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver(); localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this .mvcProperties.getLocale()); return localeResolver; } 默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化
4)、点击链接切换国际化
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver { @Override public Locale resolveLocale (HttpServletRequest request) { String l = request.getParameter("l" ); Locale locale = Locale.getDefault(); if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){ String[] split = l.split("_" ); locale = new Locale(split[0 ],split[1 ]); } return locale; } @Override public void setLocale (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) { } } @Bean public LocaleResolver localeResolver () { return new MyLocaleResolver(); } }
3)、登陆
开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效
1)、禁用模板引擎的缓存
1 2 spring.thymeleaf.cache =false
2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;
登陆错误消息的显示
1 <p style ="color: red" th:text ="${msg}" th:if ="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}" > </p >
4)、拦截器进行登陆检查
拦截器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser" ); if (user == null ){ request.setAttribute("msg" ,"没有权限请先登陆" ); request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html" ).forward(request,response); return false ; }else { return true ; } } @Override public void postHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { } }
注册拦截器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @Bean public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter () { WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/" ).setViewName("login" ); registry.addViewController("/index.html" ).setViewName("login" ); registry.addViewController("/main.html" ).setViewName("dashboard" ); } @Override public void addInterceptors (InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**" ) .excludePathPatterns("/index.html" ,"/" ,"/user/login" ); } }; return adapter; }
5)、CRUD-员工列表
实验要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作
普通CRUD(uri来区分操作)
RestfulCRUD
查询
getEmp
emp—GET
添加
addEmp?xxx
emp—POST
修改
updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx
emp/{id}—PUT
删除
deleteEmp?id=1
emp/{id}—DELETE
2)、实验的请求架构;
实验功能
请求URI
请求方式
查询所有员工
emps
GET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面)
emp/1
GET
来到添加页面
emp
GET
添加员工
emp
POST
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显)
emp/1
GET
修改员工
emp
PUT
删除员工
emp/1
DELETE
3)、员工列表:
thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1、抽取公共片段 <div th:fragment ="copy" > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</div > 2、引入公共片段 <div th:insert ="~{footer :: copy}" > </div > ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器 ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名 3、默认效果: insert的公共片段在div标签中 如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}: 行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
三种引入公共片段的th属性:
th:insert :将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
th:replace :将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
th:include :将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 <footer th:fragment ="copy" > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</footer > 引入方式 <div th:insert ="footer :: copy" > </div > <div th:replace ="footer :: copy" > </div > <div th:include ="footer :: copy" > </div > 效果 <div > <footer > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer > </div > <footer > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</footer > <div > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</div >
引入片段的时候传入参数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 <nav class ="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id ="sidebar" > <div class ="sidebar-sticky" > <ul class ="nav flex-column" > <li class ="nav-item" > <a class ="nav-link active" th:class ="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" href ="#" th:href ="@{/main.html}" > <svg xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width ="24" height ="24" viewBox ="0 0 24 24" fill ="none" stroke ="currentColor" stroke-width ="2" stroke-linecap ="round" stroke-linejoin ="round" class ="feather feather-home" > <path d ="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z" > </path > <polyline points ="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22" > </polyline > </svg > Dashboard <span class ="sr-only" > (current)</span > </a > </li > <div th:replace ="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')" > </div >
6)、CRUD-员工添加
添加页面
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 <form > <div class ="form-group" > <label > LastName</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Email</label > <input type ="email" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan@atguigu.com" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Gender</label > <br /> <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="1" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 男</label > </div > <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="0" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 女</label > </div > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > department</label > <select class ="form-control" > <option > 1</option > <option > 2</option > <option > 3</option > <option > 4</option > <option > 5</option > </select > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Birth</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" > </div > <button type ="submit" class ="btn btn-primary" > 添加</button > </form >
提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
2017-12-12—Date; 类型转换,格式化;
默认日期是按照/的方式;
7)、CRUD-员工修改
修改添加二合一表单
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 <form th:action ="@{/emp}" method ="post" > <input type ="hidden" name ="_method" value ="put" th:if ="${emp!=null}" /> <input type ="hidden" name ="id" th:if ="${emp!=null}" th:value ="${emp.id}" > <div class ="form-group" > <label > LastName</label > <input name ="lastName" type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Email</label > <input name ="email" type ="email" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Gender</label > <br /> <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="1" th:checked ="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 男</label > </div > <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="0" th:checked ="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 女</label > </div > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > department</label > <select class ="form-control" name ="department.id" > <option th:selected ="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value ="${dept.id}" th:each ="dept:${depts}" th:text ="${dept.departmentName}" > 1</option > </select > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Birth</label > <input name ="birth" type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" > </div > <button type ="submit" class ="btn btn-primary" th:text ="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'" > 添加</button > </form >
8)、CRUD-员工删除
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 <tr th:each ="emp:${emps}" > <td th:text ="${emp.id}" > </td > <td > [[${emp.lastName}]]</td > <td th:text ="${emp.email}" > </td > <td th:text ="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'" > </td > <td th:text ="${emp.department.departmentName}" > </td > <td th:text ="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" > </td > <td > <a class ="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href ="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" > 编辑</a > <button th:attr ="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class ="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn" > 删除</button > </td > </tr > <script > $(".deleteBtn" ).click(function ( ) { $("#deleteEmpForm" ).attr("action" ,$(this ).attr("del_uri" )).submit(); return false ; }); </script >
7、错误处理机制
1)、SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制
默认效果:
1)、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面
![](F:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/Java/springboot核心篇+整合篇-尚硅谷/01尚硅谷SpringBoot核心技术篇/Spring Boot 笔记+课件/images/搜狗截图20180226173408.png)
浏览器发送请求的请求头:
2)、如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
给容器中添加了以下组件
1、DefaultErrorAttributes:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 帮我们在页面共享信息; @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(); errorAttributes.put("timestamp" , new Date()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; }
2、BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 @Controller @RequestMapping ("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}" )public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping (produces = "text/html" ) public ModelAndView errorHtml (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error" , model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status); }
3、ErrorPageCustomizer:
1 2 @Value ("${error.path:/error}" )private String path = "/error" ; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 @Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView (HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve (String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this .templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this .applicationContext); if (provider != null ) { return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model); } return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); }
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController 处理;
1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver 解析得到的;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this .errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null ) { return modelAndView; } } return null ; }
2)、如果定制错误响应:
1)、如何定制错误的页面;
1)、有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);
页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2)、没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
3)、以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
2)、如何定制错误的json数据;
1)、自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler (UserNotExistException.class ) public Map <String ,Object > handleException (Exception e ) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("code" ,"user.notexist" ); map.put("message" ,e.getMessage()); return map; } }
2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @ExceptionHandler (UserNotExistException.class ) public String handleException (Exception e , HttpServletRequest request ) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code" ,500 ); map.put("code" ,"user.notexist" ); map.put("message" ,e.getMessage()); return "forward:/error" ; }
3)、将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super .getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); map.put("company" ,"atguigu" ); return map; } }
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,
8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;
问题?
1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;
1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 server.port =8081 server.context-path =/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding =UTF-8 //通用的Servlet容器设置 server.xxx //Tomcat的设置 server.tomcat.xxx
2、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer :嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @Bean public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer () { return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() { @Override public void customize (ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { container.setPort(8083 ); } }; }
2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
1 2 3 4 5 6 @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet () { ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet" ); return registrationBean; }
FilterRegistrationBean
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter () { FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello" ,"/myServlet" )); return registrationBean; }
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
1 2 3 4 5 @Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener () { ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener()); return registrationBean; }
SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 @Bean (name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)@ConditionalOnBean (value = DispatcherServlet.class , name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration ( DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) { ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean( dispatcherServlet, this .serverProperties.getServletMapping()); registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup( this .webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); if (this .multipartConfig != null ) { registration.setMultipartConfig(this .multipartConfig); } return registration; }
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器
默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > 引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器; </dependency >
Jetty
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > <exclusions > <exclusion > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > </exclusion > </exclusions > </dependency > <dependency > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > </dependency >
Undertow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > <exclusions > <exclusion > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > </exclusion > </exclusions > </dependency > <dependency > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > </dependency >
4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 @AutoConfigureOrder (Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @Import (BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class ) //导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar :Spring 注解版;给容器中导入一些组件 //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor : //后置处理器:bean 初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作 public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass ({ Servlet.class , Tomcat .class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat 依赖; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class , search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory () { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass ({ Servlet.class , Server .class , Loader .class , WebAppContext .class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean (value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class , search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory () { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass ({ Servlet.class , Undertow .class , SslClientAuthMode .class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean (value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class , search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory () { return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } }
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory { EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer ( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) ;}
2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 为例
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 @Override public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer ( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); File baseDir = (this .baseDirectory != null ? this .baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat" )); tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath()); Connector connector = new Connector(this .protocol); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false ); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); for (Connector additionalConnector : this .additionalTomcatConnectors) { tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector); } prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers); return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat); }
4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?
1 ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer :定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎么修改的原理?
5)、容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization (Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean; } private void postProcessBeforeInitialization ( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { customizer.customize(bean); } } private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers () { if (this .customizers == null ) { this .customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( this .beanFactory .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class , false , false ) .values ()) ; Collections.sort(this .customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this .customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this .customizers); } return this .customizers; } ServerProperties也是定制器
步骤:
1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer ,调用定制器的定制方法
###5)、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;
什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext ,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 public void refresh () throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this .startupShutdownMonitor) { prepareRefresh(); ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); initMessageSource(); initApplicationEventMulticaster(); onRefresh(); registerListeners(); finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } destroyBeans(); cancelRefresh(ex); throw ex; } finally { resetCommonCaches(); } } }
4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer ();
6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器 :this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;
IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
9、使用外置的Servlet容器
嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
优点:简单、便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat—应用war包的方式打包;
步骤
1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId > <scope > provided</scope > </dependency >
3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer 的子类,并调用configure方法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure (SpringApplicationBuilder application) { return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class ) ; } }
4)、启动服务器就可以使用;
原理
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用 【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
规则:
1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
流程:
1)、启动Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;
5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法
6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext ( ServletContext servletContext) { SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder(); StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment(); environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null ); builder.environment(environment); builder.main(getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null ) { this .logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)." ); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null ); builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)); } builder.initializers( new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class ) ; builder = configure(builder); SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class ) ! = null ) { application.getSources().add(getClass()); } Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the " + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation" ); if (this .registerErrorPageFilter) { application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class ) ; } return run(application); }
7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 public ConfigurableApplicationContext run (String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null ; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null ; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null ); stopWatch.stop(); if (this .logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this .mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用
五、Docker
1、简介
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎;是一个轻量级容器技术;
Docker支持将软件编译成一个镜像;然后在镜像中各种软件做好配置,将镜像发布出去,其他使用者可以直接使用这个镜像;
运行中的这个镜像称为容器,容器启动是非常快速的。
2、核心概念
docker主机(Host):安装了Docker程序的机器(Docker直接安装在操作系统之上);
docker客户端(Client):连接docker主机进行操作;
docker仓库(Registry):用来保存各种打包好的软件镜像;
docker镜像(Images):软件打包好的镜像;放在docker仓库中;
docker容器(Container):镜像启动后的实例称为一个容器;容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用
使用Docker的步骤:
1)、安装Docker
2)、去Docker仓库找到这个软件对应的镜像;
3)、使用Docker运行这个镜像,这个镜像就会生成一个Docker容器;
4)、对容器的启动停止就是对软件的启动停止;
3、安装Docker
1)、安装linux虚拟机
1)、VMWare、VirtualBox(安装);
2)、导入虚拟机文件centos7-atguigu.ova;
3)、双击启动linux虚拟机;使用 root/ 123456登陆
4)、使用客户端连接linux服务器进行命令操作;
5)、设置虚拟机网络;
桥接网络=选好网卡 ==接入网线;
6)、设置好网络以后使用命令重启虚拟机的网络
7)、查看linux的ip地址
8)、使用客户端连接linux;
2)、在linux虚拟机上安装docker
步骤:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1、检查内核版本,必须是3.10及以上 uname -r 2、安装docker yum install docker 3、输入y确认安装 4、启动docker [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker [root@localhost ~]# docker -v Docker version 1.12.6, build 3e8e77d/1.12.6 5、开机启动docker [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. 6、停止docker systemctl stop docker
4、Docker常用命令&操作
1)、镜像操作
操作
命令
说明
检索
docker search 关键字 eg:docker search redis
我们经常去docker hub上检索镜像的详细信息,如镜像的TAG。
拉取
docker pull 镜像名:tag
:tag是可选的,tag表示标签,多为软件的版本,默认是latest
列表
docker images
查看所有本地镜像
删除
docker rmi image-id
删除指定的本地镜像
https://hub.docker.com/
2)、容器操作
软件镜像(QQ安装程序)----运行镜像----产生一个容器(正在运行的软件,运行的QQ);
步骤:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1、搜索镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat 2、拉取镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat 3、根据镜像启动容器 docker run --name mytomcat -d tomcat:latest 4、docker ps 查看运行中的容器 5、 停止运行中的容器 docker stop 容器的id 6、查看所有的容器 docker ps -a 7、启动容器 docker start 容器id 8、删除一个容器 docker rm 容器id 9、启动一个做了端口映射的tomcat [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat -d:后台运行 -p: 将主机的端口映射到容器的一个端口 主机端口:容器内部的端口 10、为了演示简单关闭了linux的防火墙 service firewalld status ;查看防火墙状态 service firewalld stop:关闭防火墙 11、查看容器的日志 docker logs container-name/container-id 更多命令参看 https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/ 可以参考每一个镜像的文档
3)、安装MySQL示例
错误的启动
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 [root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -d mysql 42f09819908bb72dd99ae19e792e0a5d03c48638421fa64cce5f8ba0f40f5846 mysql退出了 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 42f09819908b mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 34 seconds ago Exited (1) 33 seconds ago mysql01 538bde63e500 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago compassionate_ goldstine c4f1ac60b3fc tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago lonely_fermi 81ec743a5271 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago sick_ramanujan //错误日志 [root@localhost ~]# docker logs 42f09819908b error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD;这个三个参数必须指定一个
正确的启动
1 2 3 4 5 [root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql b874c56bec49fb43024b3805ab51e9097da779f2f572c22c695305dedd684c5f [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b874c56bec49 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 3306/tcp mysql01
做了端口映射
1 2 3 4 5 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql02 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql ad10e4bc5c6a0f61cbad43898de71d366117d120e39db651844c0e73863b9434 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad10e4bc5c6a mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql02
几个其他的高级操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 docker run --name mysql03 -v /conf/mysql:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD =my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag 把主机的/conf/mysql文件夹挂载到 mysqldocker容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d文件夹里面 改mysql的配置文件就只需要把mysql配置文件放在自定义的文件夹下(/conf/mysql) docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD =my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag --character-set-server =utf8mb4 --collation-server =utf8mb4_unicode_ci 指定mysql的一些配置参数
六、SpringBoot与数据访问
1、JDBC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > mysql</groupId > <artifactId > mysql-connector-java</artifactId > <scope > runtime</scope > </dependency >
1 2 3 4 5 6 spring: datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
效果:
默认是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源;
数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;
自动配置原理:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc:
1、参考DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用Tomcat连接池;可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
2、SpringBoot默认可以支持;
1 org .apache .tomcat .jdbc .pool .DataSource 、HikariDataSource 、BasicDataSource 、
3、自定义数据源类型
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @ConditionalOnMissingBean (DataSource.class ) @ConditionalOnProperty (name = "spring.datasource.type" )static class Generic { @Bean public DataSource dataSource (DataSourceProperties properties) { return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build(); } }
4、DataSourceInitializer:ApplicationListener ;
作用:
1)、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;
2)、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;
默认只需要将文件命名为:
1 2 3 4 5 6 schema-*.sql、data-*.sql 默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql; 可以使用 schema : - classpath:department.sql 指定位置
5、操作数据库:自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库
2、整合Druid数据源
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 导入druid数据源 @Configuration public class DruidConfig { @ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "spring.datasource" ) @Bean public DataSource druid () { return new DruidDataSource(); } @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet () { ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*" ); Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("loginUsername" ,"admin" ); initParams.put("loginPassword" ,"123456" ); initParams.put("allow" ,"" ); initParams.put("deny" ,"192.168.15.21" ); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); return bean; } @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter () { FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter()); Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("exclusions" ,"*.js,*.css,/druid/*" ); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*" )); return bean; } }
3、整合MyBatis
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 1.3.1</version > </dependency >
步骤:
1)、配置数据源相关属性(见上一节Druid)
2)、给数据库建表
3)、创建JavaBean
4)、注解版
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 @Mapper public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select ("select * from department where id=#{id}" ) public Department getDeptById (Integer id) ; @Delete ("delete from department where id=#{id}" ) public int deleteDeptById (Integer id) ; @Options (useGeneratedKeys = true ,keyProperty = "id" ) @Insert ("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})" ) public int insertDept (Department department) ; @Update ("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}" ) public int updateDept (Department department) ; }
问题:
自定义MyBatis的配置规则;给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @org .springframework.context.annotation.Configurationpublic class MyBatisConfig { @Bean public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer () { return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){ @Override public void customize (Configuration configuration) { configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true ); } }; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口; @MapperScan (value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper" )@SpringBootApplication public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class , args ) ; } }
5)、配置文件版
1 2 3 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置 mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置
更多使用参照
http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure/
4、整合SpringData JPA
1)、SpringData简介
2)、整合SpringData JPA
JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping);
1)、编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Entity @Table (name = "tbl_user" ) public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue (strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer id; @Column (name = "last_name" ,length = 50 ) private String lastName; @Column private String email;
2)、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)
1 2 3 public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository <User ,Integer > {}
3)、基本的配置JpaProperties
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 spring: jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true
七、启动配置原理
几个重要的事件回调机制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
SpringApplicationRunListener
只需要放在ioc容器中
ApplicationRunner
CommandLineRunner
启动流程:
1、创建SpringApplication对象
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 initialize(sources); private void initialize (Object[] sources) { if (sources != null && sources.length > 0 ) { this .sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources)); } this .webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment(); setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances( ApplicationContextInitializer.class )) ; setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class )) ; this .mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); }
2、运行run方法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 public ConfigurableApplicationContext run (String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null ; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null ; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null ); stopWatch.stop(); if (this .logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this .mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
3、事件监听机制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
1 2 3 4 5 6 public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer <ConfigurableApplicationContext > { @Override public void initialize (ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) { System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..." +applicationContext); } }
SpringApplicationRunListener
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener { public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener (SpringApplication application, String[] args) { } @Override public void starting () { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting..." ); } @Override public void environmentPrepared (ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name" ); System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.." +o); } @Override public void contextPrepared (ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared..." ); } @Override public void contextLoaded (ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded..." ); } @Override public void finished (ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...finished..." ); } }
配置(META-INF/spring.factories)
1 2 3 4 5 org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer =\ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener =\ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener
只需要放在ioc容器中
ApplicationRunner
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @Component public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner { @Override public void run (ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run...." ); } }
CommandLineRunner
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @Component public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run (String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..." + Arrays.asList(args)); } }
八、自定义starter
starter:
1、这个场景需要使用到的依赖是什么?
2、如何编写自动配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Configuration @ConditionalOnXXX @AutoConfigureAfter @Bean @ConfigurationPropertie 结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置@EnableConfigurationProperties 自动配置类要能加载 将需要启动就加载的自动配置类,配置在META-INF/spring.factories org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
3、模式:
启动器只用来做依赖导入;
专门来写一个自动配置模块;
启动器依赖自动配置;别人只需要引入启动器(starter)
mybatis-spring-boot-starter;自定义启动器名-spring-boot-starter
步骤:
1)、启动器模块
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > com.atguigu.starter</groupId > <artifactId > atguigu-spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 1.0-SNAPSHOT</version > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > com.atguigu.starter</groupId > <artifactId > atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId > <version > 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version > </dependency > </dependencies > </project >
2)、自动配置模块
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > com.atguigu.starter</groupId > <artifactId > atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId > <version > 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version > <packaging > jar</packaging > <name > atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name > <description > Demo project for Spring Boot</description > <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 1.5.10.RELEASE</version > <relativePath /> </parent > <properties > <project.build.sourceEncoding > UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding > <project.reporting.outputEncoding > UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding > <java.version > 1.8</java.version > </properties > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter</artifactId > </dependency > </dependencies > </project >
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 package com.atguigu.starter;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;@ConfigurationProperties (prefix = "atguigu.hello" )public class HelloProperties { private String prefix; private String suffix; public String getPrefix () { return prefix; } public void setPrefix (String prefix) { this .prefix = prefix; } public String getSuffix () { return suffix; } public void setSuffix (String suffix) { this .suffix = suffix; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 package com.atguigu.starter;public class HelloService { HelloProperties helloProperties; public HelloProperties getHelloProperties () { return helloProperties; } public void setHelloProperties (HelloProperties helloProperties) { this .helloProperties = helloProperties; } public String sayHellAtguigu (String name) { return helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-" +name + helloProperties.getSuffix(); } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 package com.atguigu.starter;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @EnableConfigurationProperties (HelloProperties.class ) public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration { @Autowired HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean public HelloService helloService () { HelloService service = new HelloService(); service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties); return service; } }
更多SpringBoot整合示例
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-samples